1 A.D. - 500 A.D
Norther Andes
Several groups along the Pacific coast of Ecuador, the Caribbean coast of Colombia, and up the Cauca and Magdalena rivers expand their territories. A big amount of art was produced, including assortments of personal adornments in bone, shell, semi-precious stone, and precious metal. Ornamented ceramic vessels, often in the shape of human or animal effigies, as well as stone and ceramic sculptures. Some are evidence of ritual practices and complex religious beliefs.
Central and Southern Andes
After the decline of the unifying Chavín influence, much of Peru is marked by cultural diversification and the emergence of independent regional societies. Population grows throughout the region, and territorial warfare becomes frequent. Urban sites are fully established on the northern and southern coasts of Peru and in the southern Andean highlands. Governed by local elites, the accumulations of wealth and the display of luxuries show their privileged status.
Artistic production increases, with different styles. Ceramic vessels are produced in different techniques. Stone sculpture, brilliantly colored textiles, and works in metal bearing esoteric imagery are made for use in rituals and to honor the dead. Metalworkers in northern Peru, in particular, excel in creativity and technical mastery.
Artistic production increases, with different styles. Ceramic vessels are produced in different techniques. Stone sculpture, brilliantly colored textiles, and works in metal bearing esoteric imagery are made for use in rituals and to honor the dead. Metalworkers in northern Peru, in particular, excel in creativity and technical mastery.